Abstract:
Underwater conummication differs considerably from
other types of signal propagation — both in terms of the physics and technology
involved, and the applications that use it. This thesis explores one possible
method of conununicating underwater: using high-frequency acoustic waves. The
properties of the channel (water) mean that conventional ultrasonic techniques
are only partially applicable. Piezoceramic transducers are used both to
transmit and receive the acoustic signal underwater. The transmitting
transducer must be excited by a high-voltage signal, at close to its resonating
frequency. Micro-controllers both generate the outgoing signal, and interpret
the received signal (which is first amplified and filtered by hardware).
Different transmission protocols were considered, and 'Frequency Shift Keying'
was settled on as the simplest and most robust (this uses a high-frequency
carrier wave, which is modulated by different amounts, to send binary data). A
large part of this Thesis is devoted to reviewing the nature of underwater
acoustics, specifically factors that affect reliable communication (and
possible countermeasures).
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